Self-administration of remifentanil, an ultra-short acting opioid, under continuous and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement in rats
by
Panlilio LV, Schindler CW
Preclinical Pharmacology Section,
National Institute on Drug Abuse,
Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
lpanlili@intra.nida.nih.gov
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000 May; 150(1):61-6

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE: Remifentanil is a mu-opioid agonist with an exceptionally short duration of action. Evaluating remifentanil's effects within the self-administration model of drug abuse may provide insight into the relationship between a drug's duration of action and its effectiveness as a reinforcer. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to establish a dose-effect function for intravenous remifentanil self-administration in rats and to assess the drug's ability to maintain responding under intermittent schedules of reinforcement. METHODS: Inter-infusion intervals were recorded under two continuous-reinforcement schedules of remifentanil self-administration. In the fixed-dose schedule, the unit dose (0.25-32 micrograms/kg) was held constant within sessions but varied across sessions. In the variable-dose schedule, four different doses were self-administered in random order within each session. For comparison, heroin (6.25-125 micrograms/kg) was studied with the variable-dose schedule. Remifentanil and heroin were also compared under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements increased exponentially with each successive infusion until responding ceased within each session. RESULTS: Under the continuous-reinforcement schedules, inter-infusion intervals for both drugs increased monotonically as a function of dose, with the remifentanil curve being considerably flatter. Under the progressive-ratio schedule, breaking points varied as an inverted-U shaped function, and the highest breaking points maintained by remifentanil and heroin were similar. At the doses that maintained the highest breaking points under the progressive-ratio schedule, post-infusion pauses under the continuous-reinforcement schedule were about three times shorter with remifentanil than with heroin. CONCLUSIONS: Although rates of self-administration are clearly influenced by a drug's duration of action, the ability to maintain responding under intermittent schedules of reinforcement may be independent of duration of action.

Pain
Morphine
Tramadol
Naloxone
Nociceptin
Sufentanil
Oxycodone
Carfentanil
Endomorphins
P-glycoprotein
Novelty and pain
Dihydroetorphine
Fentanyl and ketamine
Remifentanil: structure
Opioids and anaesthesia
Remifentanil/ muscular pain
Opioids, mood and cognition
Why is remifentanil (Ultiva) so rewarding?
Super-additive reward of remifentanil plus cocaine

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